Which of the following is NOT a technique involved in canopy management?

• A. Vine training.
• B. Pest control.
• C. Winter pruning.
• D. Leaf removal.

Answer: (B)

Canopy management is about shaping and regulating the leafy growth to control light, air flow, and disease pressure around the grape clusters. Techniques that directly adjust the canopy include training the vine to a trellis system, which determines how shoots and leaves are arranged and how much shade or sun the fruit gets; winter pruning, which sets the number of buds and helps control vigor and subsequent canopy density; and leaf removal, which reduces leaf area in the fruit zone to boost sunlight exposure and airflow.

Pest control, while essential for vine health, targets pests and diseases rather than altering the structure or leaf area of the canopy. It sits in broader vineyard management but isn’t a method used to shape the canopy itself. So pest control is not a canopy management technique.