Describe cordon training.

• A. Relatively little permanent wood.
• B. No permanent wood.
• C. Fruit is grown on bare branches.
• D. Typically a trunk and one or more permanent horizontal arms, usually spur-pruned.

Answer: (D)

Cordons are a training system built around a permanent framework: a single trunk with one or more horizontal arms extending from it. These arms remain for many years and are pruned to short spur fruiting wood each season. This setup provides stable support and predictable sun exposure, while making pruning and vineyard canopy management easier. The fruit is produced on those short spurs along the permanent arms, rather than on new or bare growth, which explains why the description of a trunk plus permanent horizontal arms that are spur-pruned best captures cordon training.